Rotary reciprocating compressor



Aug. l, 1944. s. A LlMPER-r ETAL Re. 22,526

ROTARY RECIPROGATING COMPRESSOR Original Filed `uly 24, 1935 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATToRm-:Y-l

A118- 1, 1944 l s. A LIMPERT x-:TAL Y Re. 22,526

ROTARY RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR Original Filed July 24, 1935 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 Mx 99 95 Il Mz 99 lf :BMJTTORNEY- AUS'- 1, 1944. s. A LIMPERT Erm.

ROTARY RECIPROCTING COMPRESSOR Original Filed' July 24, 1935 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 new..

/NVE /V 70H5 5 YL VESTIR A. Unff 06654@ BY KATIERIIK E. LIM/ERT J ALEXANDER s. L lm Pinr.

EXECUTDR ALEXANER J. LIM PERT ATTORNEY.

Aug. l, 1944.

S. A. LIMPERT EIAL ROTARY RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 Original Filed July 24, 1935 n To co/vof/vsf/E /A/ VENTUHJ' v 5y KATHERINE E-LIMPE/If l Aug. l, 1944. s. A. LIMPERT ErAL Re. 22,526

ROTARY RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR Original Filed July 24, 1955 v 6 Sheets-Sheet 6' f MMUWMATTORNEK reciprocaticn thereof; and- Rsmea Aug.. 1, m4

Re. l22,526

no'rsar aaclraocn'rmo coMraEsson Sylvester A. Llmpcrt, deceased, .late of Bay Shore,

N. Y., by S Lim' Katherine E. Limpert and Alexander peri., executors, Bay Shore, N. Y., and

Alexander s. umpm, my shore, N. Y.; una executors of said Sylvester A. Limpert, deceased, assignora` to Katherine E. Limpert origini No. 2,201,188, 'asses my 21, 1940, serai No. 32,868, Jill! 24, 1935.

Application forA reissue December 15, 1943, Serial No. 514,429

(Cl. 23d-175) 33 Claims.

This invention relates to pneumatic compression apparatus and has for its particular objects the provision of a simple, compact, cheap and unusually eflicient mechanism which is quiet in operation and ideally adapted for refrigeration and air conditioning purposes. Further advan tages of such mechanism are hereinafter set forth..

In the accompanying drawings, whereinis illustrated certain embodiments of our invention:

Figure 1 is a central, vertical section of a compressor unit embodying our invention as espe'- cially designed for a refrigerating machine;

Figs. 2 and 3 `are sections taken on the line 2-2 and 3 3, respectively, of Fig. 1; I

Fig. 4 is a vertical section, partly in elevation, of the compressor unit shown in Fig. 1 but showing the cylinder in a diametrically opposite position;

Fig. 5 is a transverse section on the line 5-5 of Fig. 4;

Fig, 6 is a fragmentary elevation of the piston shown in Fig. l, isolated; Figs. 7 and 8 are transverse sections on the line 1-1 and 8 8 respectively of Fig. l;

Fig. 9 is an elevation, partly diagrammatic of a complete refrigerating unit embodying our invention which is intended for installation in a so-called domestic electrical refrigerator;

Fig. 10 .is a vertical section, partly in elevation,

of a compressor unit wherein a reciprocating' piston is connected to the rotatable housing;

Fig. 11 is a vertical section, partly-in elevation, oi' a further modification wherein the cylinder is vertically disposed and` reciprocates without rotation thereof;

Fig. 12 is a vertical section, partly'in elevation, of another form of compressor unit, wherein a vertical cylinder rotates and also reciprocates;

Fig. 13 is a fragmentary vertical section, partly in elevation, of a still further modification showing a compressor unit wherein ported valves are employed;

Fig. 14 is a section on theline Il-Il oi' Fig. 13 and Fig. 15 is a developed view of the internal surface of the cylinder, showing the grooves or slots that are formed therein;

Fig. 16 is a diagrammatic-view showing the driving elements so located on the compressor shell and driven cylinder as to eliminate relative Fig. 1'? is an elevation of a modied crank arm. Referring to thedrawings and the construction shown therein, the reference numerals I and 2' designate the bottom and top sections ofthe revolving hollow shell of our improved compressor the interior of said shell constituting a uid receptacle, 2' a boss which functions as a counterweight, 3 the bolts for securing the two sections and an interposed gasket 4 together, and 5 a pulley groove for the driving belt that is formed at the'juncture of the two sections. The lower section has a reduced depending neck 6, the same having a central counterbored passage, as indicatedby the reference numerals 1 and 8, and opposing ducts I0 which ailord communication between the portion B of such passage and a iiared recess I I-which surrounds the upwardly projecting hollow boss or sleeve I2 formed on said neck B and which boss is provided with a llubrication aperture I3. A shank I5 of a stationary piston member I6 is mounted in said sleeve I2, such shank extending at an oblique angle, preferably at f about 30 to the'axis of the piston I6. The latter has ahollow chamber I1 formed therein which is in communication with a vertical duct I8 which extends through the shank I5 and is adapted to deliver compressed fluid externally of the shell, for example to a conduit that delivers compressed refrigerant to a condenser of a refrigerating unit (see Fig. 9). An oblique duct I9 intersects the upper end of another vertical duct 2li, which also extends through the shank I5, but is independent of the duct lli and aiords communication between the internal chamber of the revolving shell and an external source of fluid supply, for example the evaporator on the low side of a refrigerating unit (see Fig. 9). The upper end of the chamber Il is counterbored for the reception of a gasket 422 and in insertible valve retainer unit 23, which latter is threaded into said piston, the same having a valve seat 24, a valve 25, preferably formed of three triangular metal sheets superimposed on each ,other and each of which is of slightly less over-all length than the internal diameter of said unit 23, the Vsaine being retained against escape by a looped spring wire retainer 26 that is snapped into an annular groove formed in the inner wall of said unit 23.

Said piston is preferably provided with piston rings 28 and to the lower end thereof is' secured a grooved arcuate oil ipper 29 which serves, during the rotation of the shell of the compressor,

to direct oil from the zone adjacent the side walls of the lower section I of such shell inwardly along the groove of said flipper to oil hole I3 and also against the bottom of piston I6 and the bottom of the inner wall of a rotary-reciprocating cylinder 35 mounted on said piston I6, whereby effectiVelubrication ofthe piston and cylinder walls is accomplished. Said cylinder 35 has a top der and said piston II.

is formed on the outer wall of the cylinder and a termialilange II and a lateral boss I1 to which is pinned a cylindrical crank arm II which, in the consti-wasn shown 1n m. 1, kprojects st right angles to the longitudinal axes of both said cylin- Another lateraly boss II hollow weighted member 4I is slidably mounted on a bolt I2 that is threaded into said boss. said weight being normally depressed whenV the xrla-V f chine is at rest by a compression spring II which is mounted within the member II and reacts against the inner face of the head of said bolt and the adjacent face ci said hollow member II. A cylinder head II, together with a sealing gasket II, are secured by means of cap screws I1 to the flansed end II of the cylinder. Said head II has an annular recess II in which is an annular valve seat II against which a disc valve II is adapted to periodically seat. said valve being generally similar to the valve Il. A looped spring wire retainer l I-, which is snapped into an annular groove formed on the inner wall of said chamber II,

serves to loosely retain said valve in said chamber. Anangulararm Il,whichissecuredtoaleaf spring II which is in turn secured to the cylinder by of acap screw I1 and spacing washer II, carries a stop screw II upon which is mounted an adjustingnut II which permits of the adiustment of said screw to such a position as to hold the valve II oi! of its seatvII either when themachineisatrestandthepartsareinthe position shown in Fig. l or upon the initial starting of the motor which operates the compressor, whereby the free escape of refrigerant gas from the cylinder II will be permitted until such time as the weight II flies outwardly and under the urge of centrifugal force lifts arm II upwardly against a stop II that is secured to the cylinder head, whereupon said screw will be likewise elevated out of contact with said valve II and the latter will. be permitted to function normally.

A lug II and also a pair of lugs II, II' are formed on the inner vwall of section I of the shell of the compressor and on the former is mounted a bolt I1, the head II of which constitutes a saddle, and which is retained in said lug II by means of a nut Il. A cross bar 1I is secured to the said lugs II. II', and a laminated leaf spring "1I, which is secured by means of a cap screw 12 to said plate and alsoto the lug II', serves as a bottom support for a substantially spherical centrally apertured 'member 1I, in which is slid- 'ably mounted the cylindrical arm I8. 'I'he position of the support I1 is so adiusted as to cause said spherical member 1I to'slightly compress the spring 1I and thereby said spherical member 1I is held against escape from said saddle II by said spring 1I. irrespective of the lrotary motion of said member 1I under the inuence of the arm II.

The neck I of section I -of the shell is mounted on the outer raeeway 1I of a roller bearing, which raeeway is snugly fitted in the enlarged bore of said neck I, and the inner raeeway 1I is shrunk on said shank Il. The rollers 'I1 are obliquely disposed to more effectively take up the thrust exerted by the rotation of said shell upon said bearing. all inthe well known'manner. In order to prevent the escape of refrigeranty and/or oil from the shell of the compressor,` we

provide sealing means, comprising a metal sleeve II which. has a terminal flange on which is formed an eccentric annular rib II that is, adapted to permanently engage the outer end of the tion gasket'II and a metal reinforcingwasher II are interposed between the neck I and aoentral; lyaperturedterminalcapllthatissecuredto said neck by cap screws II. The central aperture bof washer Il is of slightly larger diameter diameterof theiiangedend of sleeve II which it surrounds, Said cap has a Avhollow bonnet I1 in which is mounted a coil spring II that iscompressed between the inner face of said bcnnet'Il and a washer II which surrounds the outer end of said sleeve II. The shank II is mounted in the flanged block II, being secured thereto by a set screw II, and said block is in turn mounted o n a suitable base I1. Rubber blocks II, which function as shock absorbers are, loosely mounted in four corner recesses formed in the bottom of said base, and these blocks which each have a central cylindrica l aperture III extending completely therethrough are secured to the iioor on which the base I1 rests by screws III. Apertures III are adapted to receive pins |02 that serve to loosely connect said blocks to said base I1, and these pins are of substantially less diameter than said apertures III,y whereby as shown, but a very smallportionoftheperimeterofsaidpinswill be in engagement with the inside surface of the aperture III and thus vibrations are effectively absorbed.'

In Fig. 10 we have illustrated a construction of compressor wherein a stationary.. obliquely disposed cylinder IIII is formed on the upper end of shank II which generally corresponds to shank II shown in Fig. 1, except that the refrigerant intake conduit II intersects a right angle bore II' which affords communication with the interiorof the compressor shell or so-called crank case and the exhaust valve unit. III is mounted in the recess formed on the inner surface of the bottom of said cylinder. A rotary-reciprocating piston element III is mounted in said cylinder. the same projecting through the open ytop thereof. and an intake valve unit III, which controls the flow of refrigerant from the chamber ofthe compressor shaft into an intake conduit III that extends centrally through said piston. is mounted in the topofsaid piston. An arm III',-whichissecured to the upper end of said piston, and projects outwardly at right angles therefrom across the top of. the cylinder and thence downwardly in parallelism with the wall of said cylinder without contacting therewith, serves to connect the piston withthe'crankarmII similar to thecrankarm -shown'ln Fig. 1.

In Fig. l1 the compressor construction shown has the piston III mounted vertically in such a 5 fis positioned in the top of the cylinder for controlling the admission of refrigerant gas from the chamber in the shell of the compressor'. A ring III is rotatably mounted in an obliquely disposed peripheral groove I41 that is formed on the outer wall of said cylinder and the crank arm II is rigidly connected thereto.

In 'the modification shown in Fig. 12, a vertiinner raeeway 11. A nexible rubber or composi- 1s cally disposed piston III is employed. but the yIII mounted in the plish this, the

wardly same is mounted olf-center with respect to the shank Il, and said piston has an exhaust valve upper end thereof and is vertically mounted cylinprovided with an intake valve |63 in `the head thereof. The crank arm 36 is directly secured to the outer wall of the cylinder in the manner similar to.that in which the crank 36 is connected to cylinder 36 shown in Fig. l, except that such crank arm projects at an oblique angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder in lieu of projecting at right angles therefrom as is the case in the con. struction shown in Figs.A 1 and 10.

In lieu of controlling the flow oi' refrigerant through the system by means of inlet and exhaust check valves, either the inlet valve 60 or both of these valves may be dispensed with.' In Fig. 13. we have illustrated an arrangement whereby both of the check valves 26 and 66 have been eliminated and the ow of refrigerant is directed through different ports to inlet and exhaust conduits of the piston. In order to accomrpiston |60 is provided with a port |6| on the periphery thereof, which forms one terminal of an inlet conduit |62 that extends upadapted to receive the. der |62 that is in turn the periphery of a conduit |64 that communicates with the exhaust conduit I6'. The cylinder |65 has a closed upper end and has a spiral groove |66 formed in its inner Wall and a spiral slot |61 which extends through the cylinder wall. Assuming the cylinder is rotating' in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 13, and the 'parts are in the position therein shown, which represents the start of a new cycle in the operation of the compressor, the refrigerant chamber in the shell Voi' the compressor and the intake conduit |62 will be cut ofi. A's the cylinder continues to rotate a slight suction will first be created in cylinder head and then the end 1J of slot |61 will come into registry with port |6| and refrigerant gas will be sucked through conduit |62 into the head of the cylinder and this will continue throughout the suction stroke. since the slot |61 is long enough to admit gas throughout the suction stroke until the end of the suction stroke, at which time the end u of slot |61 will pass out of registry with port |6'I and further admission of gas into the cylinder will be cut off. Upon the further rotation of the cylinder the compression stroke immediately commences and at such time the lower end y of bridging groove |66 moves over port |63 but compression of the gas in the cylinder continues until further rotation brings through the piston and discharges through the top thereof. Another port |63 on of the piston forms one terminaladvantageous where the compressor is directly connected to an electric motor and is required to revolve at high speeds ofsay 1750 R. P. M. since it enables us to eliminate the objectionable features of valve inertia or sluggishness so inherent when check valves are employed. Furthermore, all noise due to `the employment of check valves is eliminated and as a consequence the operation of the compressor is remarkably silent.

In Fig. i6 we piston having an wherein the point of intersection of the longitudinal axis of the shank with ay diameter ci the base of the piston is oil-center with respect to the center of said base. The advantage of this arrangement is that it is possible to so proportion the stroke and position of the crank arm that sliding movement of .the latter, with respect to itsuniversal joint or ball bearing, can be minimized, if not rentirely eliminated.l In this diahave shown diagrammati-cally a gram, line a`-b represents the longitudinal axis said end y of such groove over or in registry with ofthe obliquely disposed, ofi-center shank of a piston P; c--d the longitudinal axis o: the said piston and :c the point of intersection of these axes. The line e-f represents a normal to axis a-b drawnmthrough point .'c.v The line g-h represents a normal to axis c--d, along the plane of the bottom of the cylinder, to the line e--f and the distance x-h will represent a length equal to one-half of the cylinder stroke. Another line j-k is projected the distance x--o' being equal to the distance z h. As will be apparent from the foregoing explanation of said diagram, the points a and k will represent the center of the ball bearing of crank arm at opposite ends of the stroke and since these points are equi-distant from the point .'r, there will be no sliding movement in the ball bearing of the crank arm, suchy as arm 36 of Fig. 1, the position of which will coincide with the lines g-h and k at the different ends of the stroke. If, however, the longitudinal axis of the shank of the piston does not extend obliquely withrespect to the longitudinal axis of the piston and the point of intersection of such axis of the shank with the bottom of the piston proper is not off-center with respect to the longitudinal axisof the piston, it is not possible to prevent. the crank arm from sliding in its ball bearing.

If desired, the ball-bearing may be supported on the wall of the cylinder, or on the arm |34 employed in the construction shown in-Fig. l0. and the crank arm may be rigidly connected to the section I of the shell.

In Fig. 1'1 we have shown a modified form of crank arm 38' which has a terminal, eccentrically disposed cylindrical boss |16 formed thereon, which may be employed in lieu of crank arm 38, whereby the mounting of the ball in a non-adjustable socket member carried by the compressor shell on the cylinder or arm |34, may be resorted to if desired. In those cases where d the cylinder or piston have a rotary movement,

groove |66 to rpass beyond port |63 and thereby 70 further passage 'of gas through the exhaust conduits |64 and I6 is cut oil. Upon further rotation another cycle of operations as above described occurs. The porting arrangement for as well as a reciprocating movement, the piston rings are held) against rotation by pins a. 'We provide a radial slot -c in the ilanged blocky 85,

which extends vertically therethrough (see Figs.'

l and 8) in order to admit of dropping the compressor shank with the refrigerant intake 'and `exhaust pipes already coupled thereto through said supporting block 95 and thereby it is possible to couple said pipes to such shank prior to positioning of the compressor in its mounting controlling the flow of refrigerant is especially and also the removal of the compressor from its obliquely disposed shank,

at right angles to axis o-d.

' tation of the shell of the compressor shown in Fig. l by means of an electric motor which is coupled thereto by a belt that is reeved in the pulley groove I, will cause the cylinder I! to `move splrally on its supporting piston It and.'

as it-moves upwardly. then due to the fact that the intake valve Il is normally held on of itsA seat by the screw Il until such time as the velocity of rotation of the cylinder is suiiicient to cause the weight Il under the urge of centrifugal force to fly outwardly and lift said screw out of contact with such valve, the refrigerant gas will pass between the shell of the compressor and the cylinder through the valve I during the initial starting o! the machine, since no compression of the gas within the cylinder can occur due to said valve Il being held in Ian open position momentarily. As a result, the motor is relieved of all of the starting load or torque until such time as it attains full speedlwhich, in the case of an electric motor operating at 1750 R. P. M., will occur within a fraction of a second from the moment of starting. Consequently, it is not necessary to employ an expensive motor for operating this machine. such for example as a repulsion-induction type of motor or a capacitor type of motor. but in lieu thereof an ordinary cheap split-phase type of motor can be employed without any objectionable over-load being thrown thereon or any possibility o! the fuse protecting such motor being blown due to any overloading occasioned by the inertia of rest of the parts of the compressor and the consequent starting torque thereof. The upward spiral movement of the cylinder, as previously explained, creates a strong suction therein and refrigerant gas is drawn in through the valve 50 throughout the upward stroke of the cylinder. Due to the spiral movement of the cylinder on its piston, there will be no dead center at either end of the stroke, as the same is moving continuously without any interruptlon throughout the entire operation irre-l spective of the reversal in the direction of mover ment of the cylinder on the piston. Upon the down stroke of the cylinder, the valve III will close and valve 2l, which has been previously closed, will open and the compressed gas will be discharged lthrough the exhaust pipe Il into the condenser, thence passing to the sub-tank, thence to the pressure reducing or so-called expansion valve, thence to the evaporator and back through the intake pipe and conduits lil and I0 to the charnber within the compressor shell. In the construction shown in Fig. l0, the operation will be similar,

to that of the compressor shown in Fig. l, except that the crank arm 38, heilig connected 'to the angular arm |34 carried bythe piston, will cause to and fro spiral movement of the piston |432 in the cylinder ill. In the construction shown in Fig. 11, the cylinder I will be prevented from any spiral movement on the piston |40. since the ring l, which is carried by the crank arm 3l,

can rotate in the oblique groove |41 and said pis- VIton `being keyed to the cylinder, the -latter can only reciprocate thereon. In the construction shown in Fig. 12 the operation of the compressor will be substantially identical with that shown in Flg.l,sinceinthiscasethecrank arm Ilis mounted obliquely on the cylinder |52, which latter rotates spirally to and fro on the vertical piston i", the latter being, as stated, mountedV olf-center of its shank Il. In the'operation of the compressor shown ln `iiig. 13. wherein the now of refrigerant is controlled by means of a `porting arrangement, essentially the same action occurs, except for .the fact that there are no movable valvesu employed as in the type of compressor shown in Fig. l. The manner in which the ports are alternately covered and uncovered by the spirally rotating cylinder has previously been explained.

Amongthevariousadvantages byour improvedrefrigerating and air-conditioningunit,

`are the fact that it employs no ily-wheel, since type compressors, can be avoided. Furthermore, l

no connecting rod or wrist pins are employed which can work loose or become noisy due to wear. 'I'he fact that we employ in our improved construction a centrifugal unloader and the fact that aspreviously stated there is no dead center in the movement of the cylinder or its piston or,

vice versa, inthose cases where a moving piston g is employed, it is possible for us to eliminate the objections commonly met with where it is attempted to employ an over-hung connection between the driving member, in this case the shell of the compressor; and the cylinder, such for example as the crank arm 3l which is secured to one side of the cylinder and is actuated by the ball carried on the compressor shell, or vice versa. as heretofore explained. As a consequence.- the operation of our compressor is extremely smooth A`and reliable even when employing refrigeranteV -which operate under extremely high pressures and, without the association of the unloader, with compressors of this type, such smooth and reliable operation of the compresosr could not be accomplished with anything like the same degree of satisfaction. The fact that the weighted element of the unloader is elastlcally mounted on the pin 42` which is carried by the cylinder and not mounted on the lower end of arm l5 insures against vibration thereof, whereas were the same mounted on the arm Bl, there would be a tendencyfor the same to chatter and develop objectionable noise.

Further advantages of our invention reside in the fact that there is a denite amount of heat interchange between the hot exhaust' gases and the comparatively cool inlet gas passing through the shank of the piston and the piston itself and thus the same are maintained at a more normal temperature and the over-heating of the oil between the bearing surfacesl is minimized. and thus also the sealing elements are maintainedn at a lower temperature. The aforesaid absence of anydead center in the movement of the cylinder or of the piston eliminates the usual knock that occurs ln most all compressors of standard construction. Furthermore, since all bearing-slack or looseness is distributed over a' wide segment of the revolution of the cylinder, as contrasted with the relatively narrow segment over which the same is distributed in the ordinary reciprocating compressor. such slack or play will be substantially absorbed and asa consequence not only is it possible to eliminate the i 'salsas bearings and once the same are aligned the universal ball jointautomatically compensates for any misalignments such as might be caused by the slight variations in the angularity of the piston, the cylinder or crank arm; Furthermore, since the cylinder rotates on the stationary piston in our improved construction, the operation oi' the'machine is rendered much quieter and furthermore the cost of manufacture of such a compressor, as compared with a reciprocating type of compressor, wherein the cylinder is stationary, is reduced, due to the fact there is less precision required in the machine work thereon. Since the ball of the universal joint in which the crank arm is" mounted is adjustable in its cup and also because it is elastically mounted therein, no precision fits between the ball and its socket are required and even after long use the operation of these parts remains entirely As will be apparent, the heaviest presquiet. sure is exerted on the ball and crank arm in the downward or compression stroke, and this is absorbed by the rigid ball cup while on the up or suction stroke, there is considerably lighter presing. Furthermore, in this same connection the centrifugal action or force exerted on the oil tends to prevent foaming or pumping or the oil as frequently occurs in other types of compressors. Not only is the `oil positively prevented from reaching the inlet or exhaust valves of the cylinder which revolve within the hollow cylinder of the oil, but as a result of such action it is possible to employ much heavier oils without any objectionable foaming occurring, with the consequence that superior cushioning and lubrication of the parts is accomplished. The mounting employed for the compressor is such that comparatively little metal-to-metal contact exists between it and the base plate and as a consequence but little noise can be transmitted from the compressor to the base plate Vand thence to the refrigerator. Likewise the rubber mountings employed are such that there is but a minisure exerted on such ball and this can be conveniently absorbed by the spring .mounting of such bali. By providing one-half 'ofthe pulley groove on each segment of the shell of the compressor, it is possible to materially reduce the cost of turning a groove on such casing by means of a forming tool. rThe fact that the cylinder assembly is sealed within the crank case further tends to mule any noise. The adjustment of the cylinder head clearance is accomplished by merely adjusting the ball cup of the ball joint either up or down and such adjustment takes care of a wide range of ljigging and machine variations, besides permitting of the exact clearance being maintained in all machines during manufacture by making a very simple adjustment. Still further advantages of our invention reside in the fact that due to the centrifugal projection of the oil to the outside of the chamber in the compressor case, the oil assumes a substantially hollow cylindrical form close to the shell and since the oil flipper terminates a short distance from the shell, thgoil returned thereby is substantially free from grit, metal particles and the like which collect in the extreme outer layer of `such, hollow` cylinder of oil and consequently said oil layer is not only very substantially cooled by,contact with the rotating aircooled shell ofv the compressor, but the portion of the oil which is re-circulated through the system has the impurities thereof separated or removed by centriiugal action. The gland seal becomes, in viewy of the yvertical mountingv of the compressor andthe action of the oil iiipper, a liquid seal thereby constituting the most eiective type of gas seal and furthermore, even when'LV the compressor' and motor are mounted horizontally, as sometimes may be desirable, the oil flipper 'still tends to virtually maintain an oil seal around the stationary shank, since the bearing and sealing elements are virtually flooded at all times by the action of such flipper and the cen-v mum of contact between the supporting `pins |02 and such lmounting blocks, with a consequence that vibrations normal to gravity are very substantially absorbed. I

II desired, in lieu of rotating the compressor shell, the shank and piston carried thereby `can be rotated and the shell maintained stationary, but in such event it would be desirable to install a ily-wheel on said shank besides making other minor necessary changes in the valve arrangements andvunloader and lubrication system.

Various modications fromv the construction herein shown may be made without departing from the spirit of our invention as embraced within the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim and desire to obtain by United States Letters Patent is: v y

1. In a compressor, the combination comprising a rotatable shell forming a refrigerant receptacle, a cylinder element mounted in said receptacle and having a. compression chamber that is periodically in communication with the receptacle during the operation of the compressor, a piston element mounted in said cylinder and relatively` reciprocatable with respect thereto, said piston having a shank element which projects through said shell; one of the saidy compressor elements being stationary, but relatively cylinder elements projecting throug tripedaliorce which returns the oil tothe bearrotatable with respect to the shell, and the otherI element being capable of rotation and reciprocation with respect to said stationary element, driving means interconnecting one of said compressor elements with said shell and means for sealing the joint between said shell and said shank to prevent the escape of refrigerant therebetween. Y,

' 2. In a compressor, the combination compris# ing a hollow rotatable ily-wheel whose. external periphery is exposed to the atmosphere, including a shell forming a refrigerant receptacle, al

piston lelement and a cri-operating cylinder ele-` I ment both mounted wholly in saidily-wheel, onel ofsaid compressor elements being stationary l t."

relatively rotatable with respectrto the `fly andthe other element being capable of r and reciprocation with respect to said s't tio element and the shank of one of suchvr of the ily-wheel, driving means inter one of said compressor elementswithl valve-controlled means for periodica ting the passage of refrigerant Yfluid i 'said' receptacle to said cylinder during asuctionstrole 0f the compressor ,and meansior sealing the al'lr.` but relatively rotatable with respect joint around said shank to prevent escape ci rei'rigerant from said ily-wheel.

3. In a. compressor, the combination comprisl ing a rotatable shell forming a tiuid receptacle therein. a piston element having a shank proiecting through said shell, said piston extending obliquely with respect to a major axis of said shell. a snug iitting cylinder element mounted on said .piston element and positioned within said shell, one of the said compressor elements being stationary. but relatively rotatable with respect to the shell, and the other element being capable of rotation and reciprocation with respect to said stationary element, driving means interconnecting one of said compressor elements with said shell. valve-controlled means for periodically admitting the passage of fluid from said refrmerant receptacle to said cylinder during a suction stroke ot the compressor, whereby periodic comf pression of such iiuid is accomplished during the to and fro movement oi the reciprocatable element, and means for sealing the joint between the shank and the shell adjacent thereto to prevent the escape ot fluid therebetween.

4. In a compressor, the sub-combination comprising a rotatableshell forming a refrigerant receptacle, a piston element, a cylinder element molmted thereon, a shank member rigidly connected tok said piston andwhlch projects through said shell, said piston and cylinder both being located wholly within said rotatable shell, one of the said compressor elements being stationary, but relatively rotatable with respect to the shell, and the other element bei'ng capable of l'otation and reclprocation with respect to said sta-y tionary element, means for `admitting refrigerant from the shell to the cylinder during the suction stroke of the compressor, a crank arm interconnecting said shell and said cylinder, one end of said crank arm being mounted in a substantially universal joint, and means for eifecting spiral to and frofmovement of said cylinder on said Pis'- ton on rotation of said shell.

5. In ay compressor, the sub-combination comprising ,a rotatable shell. a piston element projecting inwardlyfrom a wall of said shell and having a shank portion projecting through said shell. a cylinder element mounted on `said piston.`

one ci' said compressor elements being stationary. but relatively rotatable with respect to the shell. and the other element being capable, of rotation and reciprocation with respect torsaid ,stationary element, means for interconnecting vsaid piston and said shell and means for eifecting spiral to and iro movement of said cylinder. lon said ,piston on rotation of said shell.

6.Ina compressor, the sub-combination comprising ahollow ily-wheel including a shell form- .ing va refrigerant receptacle. co-operating piston and cylinder elements mounted in said ily-wheeland extending obliquely into said receptacle, the shank oi o ne of said elements extending through said shell, one of the said compressor elements being stationary, but relatively rotatable with respect to the shell, and the other element being capable of rotation and reciprocation with respect to said stationary element and means for one oi said elements to said shell for eifecting spiral to lund iro' movement ot such element upon rotation of said ily-wheel.

1. In a compressor, the sub-combination comprising a hollow fly-wheel having co-operating piston and cylinder elements mounted therein. me of said compressor elements being ily-wheel. and the other element being capable of rotation and reciprocation with respect to said stationary element. means for admitting refrigerant from the interior oi said ily-.wheel to the cylinder during the suction stroke of the compresser and means pivotally connecting one oi said elements to said ily-wheel.

B. A compressor, conmrising a hollow rotatable shell, anelectric motor arranged to'drive the same, co-operating piston and cylinder elements mounted therein. one of the said compressor elements being stationary, but relatively rotatable with respect to the shell, and the other element being capable of rotation'and reciprocation with respect Vto said stationary element, overhung means projecting laterally from one of said elements and connected to said shell, valve-controlled means for admitting refrigerant from said casing to said cylinder during the suction stroke of the compressor and unloading means carried by one oi said elements for relieving the motor circuit oi' undue overload when circuit through the motor is initially closed and the motor commences to operate.

. 9. In a compressor, the combination comprising co-operating piston and cylinder elements, one of which is rotatable and the other stationary, a motor for rotating said'rotatable element, inlet and exhaust valves arranged to control the ilow of refrigerant huid to and from saidcylinder, and means ior momentarily holding the inlet valve open when the said rotatable member commences to rotate to relieve the starting load otherwise limparted to said motor, said means including a slidable, elastically mounted weighted member laterally mounted on said rotatable element, a spring-pressed co-operating separate arm normally engaging said weightv and means lcarried by said arm for normally holding said inlet valve open until said weight, under the urge of centrifugal force, moves outwardly from the position. it assumeslwhen the machine is at rest.

10. In a compressor, the combination comprising a rotatable hollow shell, co-operating piston 4l and cylinder elements mounted therein, means for connecting said casing to one of the co-operating elements and for eifecting rotation of such elementwith respect to the other co-operating element upon rotation of said shell and means for returning oil from the zone adjacent the inner wall of the shell during its rotation toward the center thereof.

ii. In a compressor. the sub-combination comprising a rotatable shell forming a uid receptacle co-operating cylinder and pistonl elements extending obliquely to a major axis o! said shell. said cylinder and piston elements being mounted wholly within said receptacle, one of the said compressor elements being stationary, but relatively rotatable with respect to the shell, and the other element being capable of rotation and reciprocation with respect to said stationary element, a crank arm interconnecting said shell and `one of said elements and arranged to eiiect spiral to and iro movement thereof on the other element. Y a

12. In a compressor, the combination comprising a rotatable hollow shell, co-operating pistou and cylinder elements mounted therein, means 7o for connecting said casing to one oi the co-operating elements and for eifecting rotation of such element with respect tothe otherVco-operating elementupon rotation of said shell, and v means including an arcuate, longitudinally 7lgrocved nipper element cames by the rotatable eases 13. In a compressor, the combination comprising a rotatable shell co-operating piston and cylinder elements mounted therein, one ci! which is stationary and the other rotatable as welll as reciprocatable, means' for connecting said rotatable element to said shell, an inlet conduit and an outlet conduit in said stationary element and means for periodically sealing and opening communication between the interior of the cylinder andthe respective inlet and outlet conduits during the relative to and fro spiral movements of said piston and cylinder elements.

14. In a compressor, the sub-combination comprising a rotatable shell forming a fluid receptacle, co-operating piston and cylinder elements mounted in said receptacle, one of the said compressor elements being stationary, but relatively rotatable with respect to the shell,and the other element being capable of rotation and reciprocation with respect to said stationary element and means for connecting the shell to one of said cooperating elements to effect its reciprocation upon rotation of said shell.

l5. In a compressor, the sub-combination comprising a hollow rotatable shell forming a fluid receptacle, co-operating piston and cylinder elements mounted within said receptacle, one of the said compressor elements belngstationary, but relatively rotatable with respect to the shell, and the other element being capable of both rotation and reciprocationl on said stationary element and means, including a crank arm, for connecting the movable element to said shell to efi'ect reciprocation of said movable element simultaneously with the rotation of said shell.

16. In a compressor, the sub-combination comprising a hollow rotatable shell forming a fluid receptacle, co-operating piston and cylinder members mounted within said receptacle, one of said members;L being reciprocatable and the other immovable and serving as a guide for the otherI during its reciprocation; and means, including a crank arm and a ball-and-socket joint, for connecting the reciprocatable member to said shell to effect reciprocation of said movable member si-` multaneously with the rotationfof said shell, said socket being adjustable longitudinally in a plane that includes said crank arm.

1'7. In a compressor, the sub-combination comprising a shell forming a refrigerant chamber, co-operating piston and cylinder elements associated therewith, valve-controlled means affording communication between said chamber and -said cylinder, one of said compressor elements being stationary and the other movable, and

vmeans, including a rotatably mounted universal 'joint disposed laterally of and wholly outside the side wall of the cylinder element and also connected to saidy movable element, for effecting reciprocation of said movable element and also for simultaneously effecting its rotation about van axis oblique to the axis of rotation of said universal joint.

18. In a compressor, the sub-combination comprising piston and cylinder. elements, one of which is mounted so as to remain stationary during the operation of the compressor and the other of which is movably mounted, a rotor member and means including a connecting rod and a universal joint disposed laterally of and Wholly outside the side wall of the cylinder element and rotor and for positively eifecting the simultaneous rotation and reciprocation of said movable element.

19. In a compressor, the sub-combination comprising piston and cylinder elements, one of which is mounted so as to remain stationary during the operation of the compressor and the u other of which is movably mounted, a rotor member, means including a connectingvrod and a universal joint disposed laterally of and wholly outside the side wall of the cylinder element and also connecting said movable element and said rotor and for positively effecting the simultaneous and continual rotation and reciprocation of said movable element, such reciprocation being along an axis extending obliquely to the axis of rotation of said rotor member.

2`0. In a compressor, the sub-combination comprising a rotor, reciprocatably and rotatably associated piston and cylinder yelements and the axis of each of which projects at an oblique angle to the axis of the rotor and a universal joint connection loosely connecting one of said elements to said rotor and disposed laterally of and wholly outside the side wall of the cylinder element.

21.,In a compressor unit, the combination comprising an hermetically sealed housing, compressor. elements including a piston and cylinder mounted therein, means including a crank arm and a universal joint for effecting simultaneous rotation and reciprocation of said compressor elements relative to each other disposed laterally also connecting said movable element and said of and wholly outside the side wall of the cylinder, means for affording communication between the interior of said cylinder and the interior of said housing surrounding the same during the suction stroke of compressor, means for admitting iluid from an external source into said housing and means for conducting compressed iluid directly from said cylinder to a point external of said housing.

22. In a compressor, the sub-combination comprising piston and cylinder elements rotatably and reciprocatably associated together, a rotor and a universal joint connection, including a rec. tilineally slidable element, loosely connecting one of said piston and cylinder elements to said rotor, said slidable element projecting outwardly l Y from the element so connected to the rotor to a -point well beyond the outer surface of itsV side wall.

23. In a compressor, the sub-combination comprising piston and cylinder elements rotatably and reciprocatably associated together, a lrotor, and means, including a longitudinally slidable element and a rotatable bearing cio-operatively associated therewith and'mounted wholly outside the side wall of the cylinder element, operatively inter-connecting said rotor and one of said piston and cylinder elements constraining such element to turn with the rotor and to effect relative reciprocation between the said associated elements.

24. In a compressor, the sub-combination comprising a motor including a rotor, piston and cylinder elements reciprocally and rotatably associated with each other, the axis of each of which ble slide member and a freely movable bearing disposedv externally of the cylinder element in which said slide is movably mounted for connecting one of said elementsto said rotor.

ciprocable slide member and a freely movable' bearing disposed externally of the cylinder element in which said slide is movably mounted for connecting one of said elements to said rotor whereby to constrain such element to rotate and reciprocate with respect to the other element rotation of said rotor, said piston constituting valve means operable during the relative rotation oi the piston element with respect t the cylinder element and said cylinder element having a duct extending completely through its lateral wall and which is alternately brought into and then cut of! from communication with the interior of the cylinder during the relative rotation and reciprocation of said piston and cylinder elements.

26. A mechanism comprising a rotor mounted for rotation about a predetermined axis, concentrically associated piston and cylinder elements whose longitudinal axes yrespectively extend at an angle to a plane that is normal to the axis of rotation ot. said rotor, said elements being both relatively reciprocable and relatively rotat- :able with respect to each other, means including a reciprocable slide member and a freely movable bearing disposed externally ofthe cylinder element in which said slide is movably mounted for connecting one oi said elements to said rotor whereby to constrain such element 'to rotate and reciprocate with .respect to the other element uponrotation of said rotor, said piston constituting valve means operable during the relative rotation oi the piston element with respect to the cylinder element and having a duct which extends completely therethrough irom its lateral face to and through the lace oi' its head end and said cylinder element having a duct which extends completely through its lateral wall and one oi the ducts of said cylinder and piston elements terminating in a spiral surface groove which isadapted to periodically register with a terminal port or the, duct in the other element during the reciprocation and rotation of the cylinder elements.

27. In a compressor, a supporting structure ior operating parts, a driving rotor, apump unit including two elements-viz., acylinder and a cooperating piston assembled inv co-axial relation and provided with intake and exhaust valving, the common longitudinal axis of said elements intersecting the axis oi rotation oi the rotor at an oblique angle, one of the said elements being iixed to the supporting structure and the other being rotatable and .reciprocatable with relation sasso operating piston assembled in co-axial relation and provided with intake and exhaust valving, the common longitudinal axis of said elements intersecting theV axisot rotation of the rotor'at an oblique angle, one oi the said elements being nxed to the supporting structure and the other being rotatable and reciprocatable with relation to the ilxed element, a crank. arm connected with and projecting from the rotatable element laterally with respect to the longitudinal axis oi the said rotatable element, and a universally iiexlble joint positioned eccentrically on 4the driving rotor outside of the cylinder and normal to a plane that includes the longitudinal axis of the rotatable element and the point of intersection oi' the axis of the crank arm with the circumference oi' such rotatable element, the projecting end oi the rank arm being slidably connectedto the flexible joint and one oi the connections of the crank arm being rotatable.

29. In a compressor, a supporting structure for operating parts, a driving rotor,r a pump unit -including two elements-viz., a cylinder and a cooperating piston assembled in cor-axial relation and provided with intake and exhaust valving, the common longitudinal axis oi said elements intersectln'g the axis of rotation of the rotor at'an oblique angle, one oi' the said elements being tlxed to the supporting structure and the other being rotatable and reciprocatable with relation to the fixed element, a ball and socket universal joint positioned eccentrically on the driving rotor and outside the path in which the rotatable element reciprocates, and a crank arm connected with and projecting from the rotatable element laterally with respect to the longitudinal axis oi the Isaid rotatable element, the projecting end oi' the crank arm being slidably connected to the ball member of the universal joint and one of the connections of the crank arm being rotatable.

30. In a compressor, a supporting structure for operating parts, a driving rotor, a pump unit including two elements-viz., a cylinder and a cooperating piston assembled in co-axial relation and provided with intake and exhaust valving, the common longitudinal axis oi said elements intersecting the axis oi rotation of the rotor at an oblique angle, one of the said elements being xed to the supporting structure and the otherl` being rotatable and reciprocatable with relation to the fixed element, a ball and socket universal ,joint positioned eccentrically on the driving rotor and outside the path in which the rotatable element reciprocates, and a crank arm connected with and projecting from the rotatable elementlaterally with respect to the longitudinal axis of the said rotatable element, the projecting end oi the crank arm j. being slidably and rotatably connected to the ball member oi the universal joint.

3l. In a compressor. a supporting structure for operating parts, a` driving rotor, a pump unit including two elements-viz.; a cylinder and a cooperating piston assembled in co-axial relation and provided with intake and exhaust valving, the

"common longitudinal axis of said elements intersecting the axis of rotation ofthe rotor at an oblique angle, one of the said elements being fixed to the supporting structure and the other being i of the crank arm with the circumference of such rotatable element, the projecting end of the crank arm being slidably and rotatably connected to the ball member of the universal joint.

32. In a compressor, a supporting `structure for operating parts, a driving rotor, a pump unit including two elements-viz., a cylinder and a cooperating piston assembled in co-axial relation and provided with intake and exhaust valving, the common longitudinal axis of said elements intersecting the axis of rotation of the rotor at an oblique angle, one of the said elements being fixed to the supporting structure and the other being 'rotatable and reciprocatable with relation to the fixed element, a ball and socket universal joint positioned eccentrically on the driving rotor and outside the path in which the rotatable element reciprocates, and a crank arm connected with and projecting from the rotatable element laterally with respect to the longitudinal axis of the said rotatable element, the projecting end of the crank arm being slidabiy and rotatably connected to one of the complementary members of the universal joint.

33. In a compressor, a supporting structure for I includes the iongitudinal axis of the rotatable element; and the point of intersection o! the axis xed to the supporting structure and the other being rotatable and reciprocatable with relation to the iixed element, a ball and socket universal -joint positioned eccentrically on the driving rotor and outside the path in which the rotatable element reciprocates, the ball being provided with a diametrical bore, and a crank varm rigidly con-I nected with and projecting from the rotatable element laterally with respect to the longitudinal axis of the said rotatable element, the projecting end of the crank arm extending into the bore of the ball member of the universal joint and being i'ltted slidably and rotatably therein.

KATHERINE E. LIMPERT,

it:f:ecutri:r:A o! the Last Will and Testament of Sylvester A. Limpert, Deceased.

g ALEXANDER S. IMERT, Individually and as Eecutor of the Laat Will and Testament o! Sylvester A. Limpert, Deceased. 

